Overview of Marlinspike Seamanship

Over the past four hundred years, the lines and rigging aboard a vessel were the literal and figurative engines of commerce. Today the lines and wires we use require new techniques and now the term marlinspike seamanship encompasses many more materials. On most vessels lines still, play an important part in everyday operations. Every sailor must be able to tie some simple knots like a Bowline or Hitch and many old salts will tell you that you should be able to tie several knots with one hand in the dark. Thats not a joke; think about it. There is a lot of large gauges twisted line out there and thats the material for many knots and splices. We also need to work with a smaller braided line and cord in housekeeping situations. There can be plenty of downtime on a ship so knotwork can also become a profitable pastime if the work is fine enough for sale. The ability to rework a common base material into useful forms is valuable if it is for commerce or to replace a lost item in short order. Items like fenders can be made that are much more useful and attractive than inflatable fenders. A rope fender will never deflate, pop, or crack like an inflatable. So marlinspike seamanship itself can take many forms. Although many discount quality knotwork as a decorative skill or not useful in the modern industry there are plenty of vessels out there with plenty of durable and cheap knotwork. There are a few basic functions that all seafarers should know. Care of Ropes and Lines This is super basic but not everyone knows how quickly lack of care will destroy rope. The rope should be kept clean and dry at all times and if used in dirty or wet conditions, which is all the time on a ship, it needs to be cleaned before storage. In the time of natural fibers, the enemy was gritty dirt and sand that worked its way deep into the twist where it cut small fibers one by one. Today that is also an issue but add oil and grease to the problem when talking about synthetic ropes. Splices and Ends Making lines shorter and longer is an essential rope working skill. Splices let you join two ends semi-permanently by weaving the fibers back and forth until they intertwine and bind tight. Management of cut ends is also important to minimize loss from unraveling. This can be accomplished with a dip which is like heavy paint or by whipping the rope ends. Whipping consists of winding the waxed thread around a rope end to hold it together. Synthetic ropes can be cut cleanly and sealed at the same time with a heated electric cutting knife. Knots are important too and knowing many knots is valuable knowledge when you arrive on a new vessel. Sailors have exchanged knots since the beginning and an unseen knot is very valuable when only one sailor knows its construction. Learning Knots and Splices There are many ways to learn to knot these days. There are books that will teach you a hundred common knots and you can even get knot-tying lessons on your smartphone. The best book by far on the subject is Ashleys Book of Knots. Mr. Ashely was a young boy on the Northeast coast of the U.S. as whaling was fading and petroleum started to flow. The book was written in the 1940s but it tells a little story and some history with each of its 4000 knots, splices, and other amazing items. The diagrams take some concentration to follow but the somewhat narrative story gives first-hand knowledge of a huge range of historic ship operations and knotwork in the past several hundred years. Many of the knots and other items in the book are still surprisingly useful and every ship library should have at least one copy.

determinism Essay - 1550 Words

Free Will Imagine if you found yourself in a state of bondage where every action desire and feeling was planned on an inexorable agenda that you could not help but comply with. Although this seems like a dark and fantastical world, if the idea of determinism is fully accepted than it may not be as distant as you might think. The idea of Free Will is one of the most timeless and dubitable philosophical questions and is imposable to disregard. The idea of Free Will has three prevailing schools of thought, consisting of Determinism, (The belief that every action is determined and therefore, not free.), Liberalism (the belief that our actions are not causally determined and therefore, free.)and lastly, Compatibilism (The belief that†¦show more content†¦Could you imagine a world with no moral responsibility, albeit the world would be a much more accepting place, the price would be indifference and there would be nothing left to strive for, or to restrain you from treachery. It would be li ke sitting contently as a passive train pasengar, just waiting to see where the train’s terminal track takes him. The deterministic argument that every action is the result of a prior action is imposable to dismiss, but whether or not you have a choice in what action you make is still up for grabs. Although it is very difficult to indisputably prove the case for Determinism, it is equally testing to argue free will. As I mentioned before, free will relies highly on the idea of responsibility. In order to deny free will, you must also deny responsibility, which is a very difficult thing for anyone to do. If we are truly ruled by causal law, than how could any event of occurred other wise, so in order to save moral responsibility, we must either disprove or reinterpret these causal laws. Most people consider free will as being able to make choices and find alternatives that have not already been determined. The Incompatibilist or liberalist believes thatShow MoreRelatedDeterminism Between Free Will And Determinism Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesDeterminism relates directly to The Fountain in Tommy’s journey as he changes through the guidance of Izzi’s from fearing and fighting death, to acceptance and grace in its inevitability. This journey is central to the film as the lighting -dark to light-, colours -black to white- and shapes –triangles to rectangles to circles- all symbolically represent this movement from fear, denial and blindness to enlightenment, acceptance and grace. It is in the climax of this journey that the conflict betweenRead MoreFree Will And Determinism Vs. Determinism1074 Words   |  5 PagesFree Will and Determinism For something to occur in this world, there must be the course and the reason for the occurrence, and which will then affect other future consequences. The theory of determinism states that all events whether moral choices or vices are predetermined by other existing courses. In the same connection, the free will of humans is connected to determinism since humans do things the best way, or they cannot act otherwise. According to Saul McLeod, â€Å"the determinist approach proposesRead MoreDeterminism, Soft Determinism And Libertarianism982 Words   |  4 PagesDeterminism supporters claim that all consequences are inevitable since conditions are met and nothing else would occur by any chances. And determinism could influence and controlling everything in the universe with causal laws. According to determinism, we could make predictions about the occurrences of certain events or actions of human beings. There three types of determinism that I will discuss in the following, the Hard determinism, Soft determinism and Libertarianism. Hard determinism claimsRead MoreEnvironmental Determinism and Biological Determinism600 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Determinism and Biological Determinism can set restrictions on a person’s behavior. Environmental Determinism is the view that the environment can have a great impact on a person’s behavior. Environmental Determinism is known as the name Climatic Determinism or the name Geographical Determinism. Biological Determinism is the view that a person’s genetic material can set limits on a person’s behavior. Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism are different because they limitRead MoreFree Will and Determinism 1619 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem of free will and determinism is a mystery about what human beings are able to do. The best way to describe it is to think of the alternatives taken into consideration when someone is deciding what to do, as being parts of various â€Å"alternative features† (Van-Inwagen). Robert Kane argues for a new version of libertarianism with an indeterminist element. He believes that deeper freedom is not an illusion. Derk Pereboom takes an agnostic approach about causal determinism and sees himself as a hardRead MoreFree Will vs Determinism627 Words   |  3 PagesTed Honderich Determinism Vs Free Will Psychology 101-1322 Professor: James Pattison By: Belinda Bielicki July 2, 2011 Determinism versus Free Will: The most important and the oldest philosophical question is perhaps that of free will and determinism. Do people have free will, or are our actions pre-determined? Ted Honderich defined determinism as the philosophical idea that every event or state of affairs, including every human decision and action, is the inevitable and necessaryRead MoreFree Will Vs. Determinism879 Words   |  4 PagesFree Will vs. Determinism What determines and influences human behavior? Humans have been looking the answer for this question during several eras, thus they developed various theories attempting to explain human behavior. Determinism is the belief that one event is the consequence of a previous action, similar to a chain. According to some philosophers who support determinism, the will of an agent follows physical laws, and every action is explicable and predictable by physical conditions. By thisRead MoreDeterminism, Hard And Soft887 Words   |  4 Pages Determinism: According to Sappington (1990) there are two types of determinism, hard and soft. He states that those who hold hard determinism say that human behavior is completely determined by outside factors and that ideas such a free will or moral responsibility are meaningless. Many famous psychologists take this approach such as Freud who believed that people’s behavior is controlled by unconscious factors and any conscious reasons given are simply the brain rationalizing actions to the superegoRead MoreEssay on Determinism and Free will1004 Words   |  5 PagesDeterminism and Free will Suppose that every event or action has a sufficient cause, which brings that event about. Today, in our scientific age, this sounds like a reasonable assumption. After all, can you imagine someone seriously claiming that when it rains, or when a plane crashes, or when a business succeeds, there might be no cause for it? Surely, human behavior is caused. It doesnt just happen for no reason at all. The types of human behavior for which people are held morally accountableRead MoreDeterminism Vs. Free Will1089 Words   |  5 PagesOlivia Vogel Introduction to philosophy Jones Determinism vs. Free will The belief that all events have causes and if there ever is an equivalent origin, the same outcome will occur is called determinism. Almost meaning that every event is certain and that there really isn’t such thing as â€Å"free will†. We have the debut of free will, it is an unmitigated appearance that simply holds that there is a case about anything that happens in the near future, nevertheless

Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere Free Essays

Using material from item A and elsewhere assess the view that social class differences in educational achievement are the result of school processes such as labelling. Social class is typically known as social grouping or hierarchy based on differences in wealth, income or occupation. In the UK there are mainly two social classes; working class and middle class. We will write a custom essay sample on Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere or any similar topic only for you Order Now 33% of students who are currently on free school meals achieve 5A*-C at GCSE, however 61% of students who are not on free school meals also achieve 5A*-C grades. 0% of the failing school are from deprived areas, and 79% of children from a higher professional family are more likely to go to university, whilst only 15% of children from unskilled and manual backgrounds go to work. Sub cultures are a group of people within society who share the same norms, values, beliefs and attitude that go against the main stream in society. This is usually different from or opposed to the main stream culture, for instance an anti-school subculture is more likely to be formed by pupils in lower streams. This is backed up by â€Å"They have examined the way in which labelling is linked to other processes within schools that result in class differences in achievement† (Item A) â€Å"These processes include self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and the formation of pupil subcultures† (Item A) Therefore working class children will underachieve and middle class children will continue to progress. This can disadvantage working class children because of the use of home and school contracts. The education triage for working class are labelled as â€Å"hopeless cases† which then produces a selffulfilling prophecy and failure, which then leads to working class children going under stereotypical ideas. However, some labelled students go against their label to prove teachers wrong, which pushes them to do just as well as middle class children. Labelling is to attach a meaning or definition. Typically teachers label students as, bright, thick or hardworking. This usually affects working class students as they are labelled ‘thick’. This is backed up from item A â€Å"some sociologists explain social class differences in achievement in terms of school processes such as labelling† According to Cicourel and Kitsuse teachers judge students according to their ability, social class and race. Labelling can lead to self fulfilling prophecy where the student will accept the label and do what is expected of that particular label. However, this can advantage working class children to work against their label and achieve the best possible grades. According to the Sutton Trust 80% of ethnic minority pupils aspire to go to university. This goes on to show that labelling working class children can affect their final grade. Another process that school use that affect educational achievement is streaming. This process is when students are put into groups according to capability. â€Å"These processes include the self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and the formation of pupil subcultures† (Item A). Becker begins to believe that the capability groups are those who will pass, those who might pass and those who will not pass. However, Stephen Ball takes the analysis a step further to abolish banding, in favour of teaching mixed ability groups. This has created new opportunities for schools and teachers. This is to differentiate between pupils on the basis of their class, ethnicity or gender and to not treat them unequally. Therefore showing that streaming is a major factor in underachievement. Finally Self-fulfilling prophecy can affect educational achievement. This process consists of a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having it being made. This can affect those less able because it foes against the main stream. This is backed up by â€Å"Gilbourn and Youdell have examined the role of educational policies in creating the context for such school processes to take place† (Item A) Gilbourn and Youdell shows how teachers notions of ability conclude to their decisions of which pupils have the potential to achieve 5A*-C grade gcse’s. Neil Keddie then argues that the more intelligent students get taught more complex and advanced information and methods while the students in the lower sets are not recognised and being left behind. However Rosenthal and Jacobson performed an experiment where they picked random students from the class who were also working class and told teachers they are able to improve, this later resulted in teachers spending more time with these ‘selected’ students which made them improve and achieve better. Therefore showing that self-fulfilling prophecy can have an effect in education underachievement. To conclude sub cultures, labelling, streaming and self-fulfilling prophecy can effect education underachievement, due to social class, gender and race. Being labelled tends to be based on your social class, where you will be labelled between smart and dumb. Streaming is typically based on your ability on whether you’re smart or dumb. Also, sub cultures and self-fulfilling prophecy is known to go under all social class, gender and race as it is a group of people who tend to go against the norms, beliefs and values of mean stream sub culture. However education underachievement cannot just be a social class difference, it has internal factors as well as external factors. How to cite Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Papers

Confucius (1950 words) Essay Example For Students

Confucius (1950 words) Essay ConfuciusAs Confucius philosophy still remains in the heart of many Chinese people. Hisimages of the greatest professional teacher of all time, the greatestphilosopher in Chinese history and his influence toward the future and the past2000 years of Chinese civilization has made his thought the essence of theChinese culture. He always said the importance of teaching could change thefuture of the civilization. And he also encouraged his students to explore thevarious things to learn, but be very selective and careful. The purpose ofConfucius teaching was practical and designed to help each person improve hischaracter and conduct, and perhaps become prepared for an official position inthe court. According to one passage in the Analects, Confucius taught fourthings: culture, conduct, loyalty, and truthfulness.1 Culture consisted ofliterature and music. Confucius suggested the value of each: Let a man bestimulated by poetry, established in character by the rules of propriety, andperfected by music.2 These pursuits were means by which one may achievethe higher ideal of following the Way. The gentleman extensively studiesliterature and restrains himself with the rules of propriety. Thus he will notviolate the Way.3 And also Set your heart upon the Way. Supportyourself by its virtue. Rely on goodness. Find recreation in the arts.4Confucius put the moral duties before the arts as the essential activities ofthe gentleman. A young mans duty is to behave well to his parents at homeand to in love to all, and to cultivate the friendship of the good. If, when allthat is done, he has any energy to spare, then let him study the culturalarts.5 Confucius taught many topics around these subjects, but the mostimportance of these is the propriety, ritual and the Way of being a Gentleman. From these to achieve the Jen. Confucius had one overwhelming message: if we areto achieve a state of orderliness and peace, we need to return to traditionalvalues of virtue. These values are based entirely on one concept: Jen, which isbest, translated as humaneness. This humaneness is a relativelystrange concept to Western people, because it is not primarily a practicablevirtue. The rules of propriety offered a code of accepted behaviour thatdemonstrated to themselves and others that they were cultured and propergentlemen. For Confucius, the gentleman knew and behaved according to the rulesof propriety. In the first chapter of Analects, Yu-Tzu gives the value of therules of propriety. Among the functions of propriety the most valuable isthat it establishes harmony. The Way of the ancient kings from this harmony gotits beauty. It is the guiding principle of all things great and small. If thingsgo amiss, and he who knows the harmony tries to achieve it without regulating itby the rule s of propriety, they will still go amiss.6 Confucius explainswhat can happen if conduct is not guided by propriety. Courtesy notbounded by the rules of propriety becomes tiresome. Caution not bounded by therules of propriety becomes timidity, daring becomes insubordination,straightforwardness becomes rudeness.7 Nevertheless, Confucius did notbelieve in over-wallowing in ceremonies, and the feelings should be proper tothe situations. In ceremonies it is better to be sparing than extravagant. Funeral ceremonies should be observed in deep sorrow rather than in fear.8By the same mean, When substance, one becomes pedantic. When substance andrefinement are properly blended, then one is a gentleman.9 Confucius knewthat the ancient routes had been reduced in his time, and that such reductionwas politic. Were anyone today to serve his prince according to the fullrules of propriety he would be thought a sycophant.10 Many Confuciusstudents were interest to become officials in government and so as Confuciushimself, wanted the opportunity to advise rulers. His aim is to put hisknowledge into practice. A man may be able to recite the three hundredOdes; but, if when given a post in the government, he does not know how to act,or when sent on a mission to far parts he cannot answer specific questions,however extensive his knowledge may be, of what use is it to him.11Nevertheless, an official must improve himself and regulate his own conductbefore he could hope to rule over others. Hence , self-improvement wasprerequisite to engaging in politics. If a minister makes his own conductcorrect, he will have no difficulty in assisting in government. But if he cannotrectify himself, how can he possibly rectify others?12 Despite Confuciusillustrates wisdom and Jen as essential to ruling, they still must beaccomplished with dignity, and according to propriety. He explains why. He whosewisdom brings him into power, needs goodness to secure that power. Else, thoughhe gets it, he will certainly lose it. He whose wisdom brings him into power andwho has goodness to secure that power, if he has not dignity to approach thecommon people, they will not respects him. He whose wisdom brought him intopower, who has goodness to secure that power, and dignity to approach the commonpeople, if he handles them contrary to the rules of propriety, full excellenceis not reached. 13 Confucius believed that officials political action shouldfollow the Way. His actions will vary depending on whethe r the government isfollowing the Way or not. Confucius gives this advice for the differentcircumstances: Have sincere faith and love learning. Be not afraid to die forpursuing the good Way. Do not enter a state that pursues dangerous courses, norstay in a chaotic one. When the Way prevails under Heaven, then show yourself;when it does not prevail, then hide. When he Way prevails in your own land andyou are poor and in a humble position, are ashamed of yourself. When the Waydoes not prevail in your land and you are wealthy and in an honourable position,are ashamed of yourself. 14 These was someone misunderstand how to put the Wayinto practice. Chi Kang-tzu asked Confucius if it would be a good idea to killthose who had not the Way in order to help those who had the Way. Confuciussaid, You are there to rule, not to kill. If you desire what is good, thepeople will be good. The essence of the gentleman is that of wind; the essenceof small people is that of grass. And when a wind blows o ver the grass, then itbends.15 The proper relationship between a ruler and his minister is theruler should love his people, while the minister should be loyal to the ruler. .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 , .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .postImageUrl , .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 , .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870:hover , .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870:visited , .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870:active { border:0!important; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870:active , .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870 .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4798147d66d6d4ef9b6ce955e04a870:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dracule EssayConfucius explains the proper behaviour of each. How can he be said trulyto love, who exacts no effort from the objects of his love? How can he be saidto be truly loyal, who refrains from admonishing the objects of hisloyalty?16 Confucius summarizes the art of the ruler as follows: A countryof a thousand war-chariots cannot be administered unless the ruler attendsstrictly to business, punctually observes his promises, is economical inexpenditure, loves the people, and uses the labour of the peasantry only at theproper times of year.17 The main subject matter in Confucius teachings was howto become a good and virtuous person by improving his own character. When Tzu-luasked if courage was to be esteemed by the gentleman, Confucius said, Thegentleman holds justice to be of highest importance. If a gentleman has couragebut neglects justice, he becomes insurgent. If an inferior man has courage butneglects justice, he becomes a thief. 18 Confucius main methods forachieving these virtues was learning. However, learning is not enough to fulfilthe need. People must be able to think. He who learns but does not thinkis lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in danger.19 Confucius alsomentions the friendship and the virtues of faithfulness and sincerity. First and foremost, be faithful to your superiors, keep all promises,refuse the friendship of all who are not like you; and if you have made amistake, do not be afraid of admitting the fact and amending your ways.20Confucius explain to his students which kinds of friends are beneficial andwhich are harmful to their characters. There are three sorts offriendships which are advantageous, and three which are injurious. Friendshipswith the upright, friendships with the sincere, and friendships with those wellinformed are advantageous. Friendships with those who flatter, friendships withthose of weak principle, and friendships with those talk cleverly areinjurious.21 The master also reveal there are three sorts of pleasureswhich are advantageous, and three which are injurious. Finding pleasure in thediscriminating study of ceremonies and music, finding pleasure in discussing thegood points in the conduct of others, and finding pleasure in having many wisefriends, these are advantageous. B ut finding pleasure in profligate enjoyments,finding pleasure in idle gadding about, and finding pleasure in feasting, theseare injurious.22 Ritual, was an important subject of study. It has beenillustrate by the poetry and music from the study of Confucius. It is also theWay of teaching people to the Gentleman level. If a man is not humane,what has he to do with ritual? If a man is not humane, what has he to do withmusic?23 Confucius had explain the relationship between ritual and Jen ingreater details. Yen Hui asked about humaneness. The master said, To subdueoneself and return to ritual is humane. If for one day a ruler could subduehimself and return to ritual, then all under Heaven would respond to thehumaneness in him. For does humaneness proceed from the man himself, or does itproceed from othersdo not speak what is contrary to ritual, and make nomovement, which is contrary to ritual.24 Poetry had broader humanistic valuesfor understanding oneself and other people, and even in creased ones awarenessof the natural world. My children, why do you not study the Book of Poetry? TheOdes serve to stimulate the mind. They may be used for purposes ofself-contemplation. They teach the art of sociability. They show how to regulatefeelings of resentment. From them you learn the more immediate duty of servingones father, and the remoter one of serving ones prince. From them we becomelargely acquainted with the names of birds, beasts, and plants.25Confucius was also a great lover of music and played some himself. However, theteaching of this art was apparently handed over to the Grand music master towhom Confucius gave his ideas on how music should follow the ideal of theancient pattern and then allow for some improvisation while still maintainingharmony. Their music in so far as one can find out about it began with astrict unison. Soon the musicians were given more liberty; but the tone remainedharmonious, brilliant, consistent, right on till the close.26 Ssu-maChien quotes this exact passage, but then goes on to give more information inregard to Confucius use of poetry and music. He once also said, After myreturn to Lu from Wei, I have been able to restore the musical tradition andclassify the music of sung and ya and restore the songs to their respectiveoriginal music. In the ancient times, there were over three thousandsongs, but Confucius took out the duplicates and selected those that were suitedto good form. The collection began with the songs of Chi and Houchi, coveredthe great period of the Shang and Chou kings and carried it down to the times ofthe tyrants Yu and Li. It begins with a song of marital love, and therefore itis said the song Kuan-chih heads the collection of Feng; Luming heads thecollection of the Little ya; and Chingmiao heads the collection of theSung. Confucius personally sang all the three hundred and five songs andplayed the music on a string instrument to make sure that it fitted in with thescore of hsiao, wu, ya, and sung. Through his efforts, the tradition of ancientrites and music was therefore rescued from oblivion and handed down toposterity, that they might help in the carrying out of this ideal of a kingsgovernment and in the teaching of the Six Arts.